“Machiavelli’s fundamental contrariety resides in his view of human nature. His work teems with dismal pronouncements on his fellow men. They are fickle, selfish and evil. They do good only under constraint. They are both deceitful and easily deceived. They are envious, more prone to evil than to good, inefficient, discontented and ambitious. Human nature is an unstable amalgam of stupidity, cupidity and malice. And the rulers are no better than the ruled. Yet, despite this profound pessimism, Machiavelli clings to a belief that it is possible both to devise and to teach rules for effective political behaviour; to persuade men to eschew wickedness; to inspire them to selflessness; and to awaken in them a civic spirit. This is why he bothers to write at all.”Sydney Anglo, “Niccolo Machiavelli: the anatomy of political and military decadence”, From Plato to Nato.
I thought it prudent to start this essay with a quote I discovered when I was convinced that the world had reached unprecedented levels of stupidity and malice – the year 2025. My defence to the normalised, unrelenting cruelty the daily news brought to my attention – routinely left unanswered by lawmakers and politicians – was to educate myself about the past through political history. And there it was, everything I feared about humanity and its nature, the cycles of political implementation of new ideas and their subsequent mutation into evil tools of oppression eventually leading to revolution, and the constant battle between the powerful rulers and the powerless ruled. The act of discovering those writings points to the obvious fact that humanity has somehow survived, and through that some predecessors have dedicated their lives passing valuable knowledge down to us, the future generations, in an attempt to prompt us to at least make our own mistakes instead of repeating the old ones. What these brilliant minds of the past couldn’t have predicted is that the high-tech “developed” countries of the 21st century would instead choose to embrace stupidity, cupidity and malice, even weaponise it in some cases, as psychoanalysis brought a deeper understanding of how easily manipulated uneducated masses can be. The rest is history and has been stirring humanity steadily back towards the Middle Ages ever since.
Education was once considered to be a fundamental human right, since knowledge was recognised as a source of power – power to win an argument through reason, power to win a battle through strategy, power to build a city through planning, power to understand the world through logic and improve humanity’s place in it. It made civic sense to have an educated public that will help the country progress through research and innovation, as this would translate into better living conditions for all.
